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Recently, I met with a new client to discuss various strategies to divest some of his properties. With three grown children now in the family business, the separation of assets was starting to become a nuisance with cross management issues. Keeping business and family matters segregated is often difficult, but like anything, it requires a clear plan and with families it must be robust with fairness.

Each of the children had begun building their own portfolios and was anxious to stake a claim for dad’s assets. When I brought up the potential exposure to capital gains tax, both state and federal, and recapture of previously taken depreciation, the zest to make changes cooled. I insisted that the legal title to each property be examined to be sure of the correct owner. We soon discovered that there were inconsistencies between the ownership and the tax reporting that had to be corrected. Getting the ownership issues resolved required a direct exchange of two properties.  Once this was accomplished, we went to work on equalizing the values. Since there wasn’t any desire to sell any of the properties in the next two years, this could be facilitated as an exchange between related parties.  Both individuals had to agree to hold their new positions to avoid inadvertently triggering tax.

I asked them to consider receiving properties from dad until after his passing to take advantage of a step-up in basis to the then current market value. We examined the basis of each asset and then ranked them for tax exposure. This analysis provided a succinct plan for the near-term and long-term plans of the family. Exchanges are a powerful tool when all of the options have been weighed; let Newbridge Exchange assist with your plan today.

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During the real estate hey days of the early 2000’s, many foreign residents made their way to the US to see if they could get in on the rising market fever. Vacationing in the United States and reconnecting with family, it became attractive to acquire a piece of the rock on this side of the pond. Well, the global economy is wreaking havoc on foreign investors as they try to cash out.

The Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act (FIRPTA) of 1980 was enacted to strongly encourage compliance with US tax law. Until FIRPTA was enacted, it was possible for foreigners to buy US property, make a profit upon sale and repatriate their profits back to their native country and pay no US tax.  Collection is enforced by a system of withholding at sale of 10% of the gross sales price, regardless of gain or loss. Any tax withheld is then credited against any tax shown due on a subsequent tax return, payable at US tax rates.

There are few exceptions to the rule, here are the highlights: 1) if the real property was purchased as a primary residence for less than $300,000, it is exempt, 2) if the sale results in no proceeds, as in a gift transfer, it is exempt, 3) if the sale of investment property is facilitated as a Section 1031 and the US property is replaced with US property, then the tax is deferred until such time as a “cash out” sale triggers the tax.

The duty to file the 10% tax upon sale rests with the buyer of the property. The buyer must report and pay over the withheld tax to the IRS by the 20th day following the date of transfer along with IRS From #8288 and Form #8288-A. Failure to report will result in liability for the tax, interest and penalties. Know the facts and be prepared in every sale.

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Once the preferred investment vehicle, commercial real estate in many locations around the country is stressed. Tenant vacancies and the inability to refinance have increased the burden on investors anxious to cut their losses and reinvest in more productive or diversified real property.

There are action steps to consider in breaking up the doldrums of a winter market. First and foremost, stop watching the market! It can be likened to watching the proverbial kettle boil. Your real estate is far more attractive if it can spin off cash flow.

What have you done lately to improve the operating results of your portfolio? Action Step One: Analyze the expenses and tie a discount reward system for tenants that help manage the overhead in a way that benefits you. This shouldn’t sound crazy to you or your tenants. Energy costs can be controlled; outside services like trash removal can be mitigated with a recycling program (managed by the tenants). If a reward system reduces the cash outlay of the tenant, investor and tenant win.

Action Step Two: Review your rent rolls and the tenants that you rely on month in and month out. If you have a vacancy, ask your tenants to recommend a replacement. Yes, a reward is also in order; your success depends on it. Consider rewriting the current lease agreement to keep the tenants that you do have. If you understand their pressures you’ll be better prepared to respond to changes.

Action Step Three: Understand the advantages of Section 1031 exchanges. When activity returns to the market, know where you are going with your investment dollars before the sale. The time to defer capital gains tax is before the transaction is finalized. Once the cash is in hand, the tax is triggered.

Don’t just bide your time, develop a strategy to improve the portfolio and your New Year’s outlook.

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It is always possible to sell investment property and take cash at closing. The consequence of doing so is exposure to capital gains tax. Taking some cash and conducting a partial Section 1031 exchange can lessen the tax burden and at the same time satisfy the need for funds.

Here’s how this works; the goal in an exchange is to go even or up in value from the old property to the new property and to replace the debt paid off with new debt. In this scenario, the investor wants to replace the current property with new property but wants to take $20,000 of the net proceeds at closing to pay other obligations.

$300,000 Sale $325,000 New Property
$  35,000 Expenses $    5,000 Closing Costs
$150,000 Mortgage $235,000 New Mortgage
$  20,000 Cash Out $   95,000 Cash Injection
$  95,000 Net

A good exchange has been achieved, however the $20,000 of cash received at closing is now exposed to capital gains tax unless the investor has an offsetting capital loss in the same tax year.

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351356_mega-snow_blogAs the year draws to a close, it’s time to take one last look at any opportunities to lessen your individual tax burden. While the best laid plans are done far in advance of the actual event, it may not be too late to initiate a plan to save some serious money.

If your situation includes an impending sale of real or personal property, don’t go to the closing table until you have investigated the potential for the transaction to be structured as a Section 1031. All real estate used for business or investment purposes will qualify for 1031 treatment while only certain items of personal property can be sheltered by the rules.

In the event that the sale has already taken place and funds are in hand, then the tax has already been triggered. It is possible to unwind the sale and put everyone back in their positions before the transaction took place. Essentially, you have to start over and this time begin with an Exchange Agreement drawn by a Qualified Intermediary, setting forth the sale as an exchange. This could save thousands of dollars in capital gains tax. Once year end passes, it is too late to unwind any sale that occurred in the current year.

An individualized plan will be necessary and there are few precious days to act. Better to ask the questions now than suffer the consequences later!

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The term “like-kind” is the most misunderstood aspect of a Section 1031 exchange. There is no need for it to cause confusion for investors not accustomed to handling their real estate sales as an exchange. Investors often assume a literal interpretation of the term and miss the point of the definition encompassed in the Internal Revenue Code. It simply means that if you sell real estate you must replace it with real estate to satisfy the like-kind test. It can be any kind of real estate and it can be located anywhere in the United States, however, it must be used as rental or investment property.

An investor’s sale of a large tract of land abounds with reinvestment opportunities if the transaction is facilitated by a Qualified Intermediary (QI) as a Section 1031 exchange. In an exchange, the goal is to go even or up in value from the sale of the old or Relinquished Property to the new or Replacement Property. To the extent that the value is not matched, the difference, not the entire transaction, will be subject to capital gains tax. It is possible to take cash or unlike-kind property at the closing without collapsing the tax deferment available in Section 1031. Investors have the opportunity to extract some cash and reinvest the balance of the value in a variety of new properties. For example, this can be made up of land for land or land and buildings, single family or multi-family rental property, commercial rental property, or business property used by the investor.

Strict guidelines for timing and identification of the new property must be followed to achieve full compliance with the regulations. Exchanges must be conducted in the same tax year or within 180 days, whichever comes first. If you start an exchange in December, then to take advantage of all 180 days, it is necessary to file for an extension of the tax filing due on April 15th or the exchange will be cut short by the due date of the tax return. Within 45 days of the sale of the Relinquished Property, a list of possible Replacement Property choices must be delivered to the QI. This is the most restrictive aspect of 1031 so knowing what you want before you sell will produce the best results.

Three rules guide the identification of the new property. The most commonly used rule is the Three-Property Rule. It allows the investor to list three properties of any value and acquire any one, two or three of the properties identified. The 200% Rule provides more flexibility for the investor to list any number of properties as long as the value of the listed properties does not exceed twice the value of the old or Relinquished Property. The third rule is called the 95% Rule and removes the restriction for the number or value of the properties listed as long as 95% of the identified properties are acquired. This rule is rarely used because of the risk involved in tainting the exchange if one property fails to be acquired.

It is important to know that the legal ownership or title of the Relinquished Property must be the same for the Replacement Property. The IRS is always tracking the tax identification number of taxpayers and any change in the ownership will result in a red flag and an unnecessary tax liability.

Land is a solid, practical, easy to understand investment vehicle. The use of Section 1031 will preserve equity and long-term wealth building even if you decide to diversify the type of real property held.

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Real estate is a solid, practical, easy to understand investment vehicle. It is readily available in a variety of forms all across the United States.  It can be acquired with cash, debt or exchanged for existing property holdings.  Section 1031 exchanges of real estate are the best way to maximize your cash flow and equity for long-term wealth building.

The sellers of real property are often too preoccupied with the sale to realize that if they were more strategic in their investment decisions they could reap long term financial benefits.  The concept is simple, don’t touch the cash!  The object in an exchange is to defer the capital gain tax, recapture of previously taken depreciation and any state gain tax.  If you go to the closing without employing a Qualified Intermediary (QI) to handle the sale as an exchange, the tax will be triggered as soon as the cash is touched.  The time to defer the tax is before the buyer shows you the cash.  If you focus on the cash, it will cloud the strategy to successfully do a Section 1031 Exchange.  Employing a QI is paramount to setting up the sale as an exchange with all of its tax benefits.

If you came across a sign that said “IRS offering interest free loans”, you would stop in your tracks to find out the details.  That is precisely what the IRS is saying by legitimizing Section 1031 Exchanges.  Follow the rules, reinvest in real estate of equal or greater value and never pay any capital gains tax.

Don’t wait until the sale is complete and you have the cash; it must be structured BEFORE the closing by engaging a Qualified Intermediary.  The acceptance of cash will be result in a tax liability!

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The best solution for an investor who wants to acquire a new location and a facility to exactly matches the investor’s needs is to use the mechanism of a “build-to-suit” exchange. It requires that the new property be acquired by an exchange accommodation titleholder (EAT) and that the fit up be done by the EAT. All of this is arranged by the Qualified Intermediary at the direction of the investor.

The funds required for the new acquisition and construction are provided by either the sale of an existing investment property, loan proceeds or funds supplied by the investor. The preferred method is to sell the exisiting property and direct the proceeds to the QI. However, it is not necessary to structure the transaction in only this fashion. The key is not to own both the old property and the new property at the same time. Build-to-Suit exchanges do not work for new construction on property already owned by the investor.

As always, the key is not to travel to far down the road before seeking the advice of a highly skilled Qualified Intermediary.

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In its simplest terms, a Qualified Intermediary (QI), facilitating a Section 1031 Exchange, acts as a third party in the sale of Relinquished Property (old property). The QI’s job is twofold: a) memorialize and document the intent of the taxpayer and b) function as escrow agent for the net proceeds from sale. Section 1031 is a tax mechanism to substitute existing property for new property without paying capital gains tax or recapture of depreciation. The QI works in concert, not as a substitution, with the taxpayer’s other professionals (real estate agent, attorney and accountant) to minimize any exposure to capital gains tax.

Encouraging the taxpayer to consult with their tax professional early in the process will produce the best result. Too often, the taxpayer waits until the funds are in hand to make a decision regarding utilizing Section 1031. The receipt of funds at closing of the Relinquished Property triggers tax. It can be avoided if action is taken before the sale to engage a QI. Taxpayers who wait to have the discussion with their professionals after the funds are in hand will find out how difficult it is to un-wind a sale, if at all, and the pain of writing a check to the tax man.

It is important to note that the entire value of the Relinquished Property is exchanged for the new or Replacement Property. Taxpayers are often mistaken that they only have to roll the profit into new property to avoid tax. Exchanges must be conducted within strict time frames and no extensions are available unless a natural disaster is declared. The entire exchange must be concluded in 180 days or the due date of the taxpayer’s tax return, whichever occurs first. The exchangor has a mere 45 days to develop a list of possible Replacement Property options. After day 45, no substitutions or changes can be made to the Identification List. Specific guidelines are provided in a choice of three Identification Rules ranging from three properties of any value to unlimited number of properties with the value capped at 200% of the old property or any number or value as long as 95% of the identified property is eventually acquired.

Exchanges provide tremendous advantages; they are rule driven so a QI can help keep your transaction in line. The first rule is get good advice before you sell!

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The Internal Revenue Code provides a variety of tax saving opportunities for savvy planners. For example, Section 1031 of the Code details tax deferred exchanges. Section 121 provides direction on the sale of a personal residence and the allowances for exclusion from tax. Guidance on how these two sections intersect and complement each other is provided not in the code itself but in a separate Revenue Procedure, in this case, Revenue Procedure 2005-14.

It is possible to use the full exclusion of $500,000 provided in Section 121 upon the sale of a personal residence and also use Section 1031 for the commercial/investment portion of the same property to defer additional tax exposure. This is particularly helpful for larger homes that have significant land associated with the property. It can also provide tax protection in cases where a portion of the property has been used for rental to others or used as a home office. It is important to note that it is not necessary to chose which code section to employ; they can be used in concert with each other.

Advance planning will produce the best results so don’t wait until the sales agreement is in hand to figure out how to employ the right tax strategy. There is protection by the numbers.

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